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Hello 3D Graphics!

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GLHello is a desktop application that integrates views with 3D graphics along with other interface controls. The source code is in the /demo/glhello folder of the SDK distribution.

Screenshot of an application with 3D graphics. Windows version.
Figure 1: Windows version.
Screenshot of an application with 3D graphics. macOS version.
Figure 2: macOS version.
Screenshot of an application with 3D graphics. Linux version.
Figure 3: Linux version.
Listing 1: demo/glhello/glhello.c
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/* GLDemo Application */

#include "nappgui.h"
#include "glhello.h"
#include "res_glhello.h"

#include <ogl3d/ogl3d.h>
#include "ogl1.h"
#include "ogl2.h"
#include "ogl3.h"

typedef struct _app_t App;

struct _app_t
{
    Window *window;
    Panel *glpanel;
    View *glview;
    Label *errlabel;
    real32_t ptscale;
    OGL1 *ogl1;
    OGL2 *ogl2;
    OGL3 *ogl3;
    uint32_t api;
    real32_t angle;
    real32_t scale;
    Pixbuf *texdata;
};

static App *APP = NULL;

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_destroy_gl_apps(App *app)
{
    if (app->ogl1 != NULL)
        ogl1_destroy(&app->ogl1);

    if (app->ogl2 != NULL)
        ogl2_destroy(&app->ogl2);

    if (app->ogl3 != NULL)
        ogl3_destroy(&app->ogl3);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_set_glcontext(App *app, const uint32_t index)
{
    if (index != app->api)
    {
        String *err = NULL;

        app->api = index;
        i_destroy_gl_apps(app);

        switch (index)
        {
        case 0:
        {
            oglerr_t glerr;
            app->ogl1 = ogl1_create(app->glview, &glerr);
            if (app->ogl1 == NULL)
                err = str_printf("Error creating OpenGL 1.1 context\n%s", ogl3d_err_str(glerr));
            break;
        }

        case 1:
        {
            oglerr_t glerr;
            app->ogl2 = ogl2_create(app->glview, &glerr);
            if (app->ogl2 == NULL)
                err = str_printf("Error creating OpenGL 2.1 context\n%s", ogl3d_err_str(glerr));
            break;
        }

        case 2:
        {
            oglerr_t glerr;
            app->ogl3 = ogl3_create(app->glview, &glerr);
            if (app->ogl3 == NULL)
                err = str_printf("Error creating OpenGL 3.3 context\n%s", ogl3d_err_str(glerr));
            break;
        }

        case 3:
            err = str_printf("Error creating OpenGL 4.3 context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;

        case 4:
            err = str_printf("Error creating DirectX 9 context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;

        case 5:
            err = str_printf("Error creating DirectX 9.c context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;

        case 6:
            err = str_printf("Error creating DirectX 10 context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;

        case 7:
            err = str_printf("Error creating DirectX 11 context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;

        case 8:
            err = str_printf("Error creating DirectX 12 context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;

        case 9:
            err = str_printf("Error creating Vulkan context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;

        case 10:
            err = str_printf("Error creating Metal context\n%s", "Not available");
            break;
        }

        if (err == NULL)
        {
            panel_visible_layout(app->glpanel, 0);
        }
        else
        {
            label_text(app->errlabel, tc(err));
            str_destroy(&err);
            panel_visible_layout(app->glpanel, 1);
        }

        panel_update(app->glpanel);
        view_update(app->glview);
    }
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnSelect(App *app, Event *e)
{
    const EvButton *p = event_params(e, EvButton);
    i_set_glcontext(app, p->index);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnDraw(App *app, Event *e)
{
    const EvDraw *p = event_params(e, EvDraw);
    /* Some displays (macOS Retina) have double-scaled pixels */
    real32_t width = p->width * app->ptscale;
    real32_t height = p->height * app->ptscale;
    switch (app->api)
    {
    case 0:
        ogl1_draw(app->ogl1, width, height, app->angle, app->scale);
        break;
    case 1:
        ogl2_draw(app->ogl2, width, height, app->angle, app->scale);
        break;
    case 2:
        ogl3_draw(app->ogl3, width, height, app->angle, app->scale);
        break;
    case 3:
        break;
    case 4:
        break;
    case 5:
        break;
    case 6:
        break;
    case 7:
        break;
    case 8:
        break;
    case 9:
        break;
    case 10:
        break;
    }
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnSize(App *app, Event *e)
{
    const EvSize *p = event_params(e, EvSize);
    real32_t width = p->width * app->ptscale;
    real32_t height = p->height * app->ptscale;
    switch (app->api)
    {
    case 0:
        ogl1_resize(app->ogl1, width, height);
        break;
    case 1:
        ogl2_resize(app->ogl2, width, height);
        break;
    case 2:
        ogl3_resize(app->ogl3, width, height);
        break;
    case 3:
        break;
    case 4:
        break;
    case 5:
        break;
    case 6:
        break;
    case 7:
        break;
    case 8:
        break;
    case 9:
        break;
    case 10:
        break;
    }
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnAngle(App *app, Event *e)
{
    const EvSlider *p = event_params(e, EvSlider);
    app->angle = p->pos;
    view_update(app->glview);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnScale(App *app, Event *e)
{
    const EvSlider *p = event_params(e, EvSlider);
    app->scale = 2 * p->pos;
    view_update(app->glview);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Panel *i_gl_panel(App *app)
{
    Panel *panel = panel_create();
    View *view = view_create();
    Label *label = label_multiline();
    Font *font = font_system(20, ekFNORMAL);
    Layout *layout1 = layout_create(1, 1);
    Layout *layout2 = layout_create(1, 1);
    view_size(view, s2df(512, 512));
    view_OnDraw(view, listener(app, i_OnDraw, App));
    view_OnSize(view, listener(app, i_OnSize, App));
    layout_view(layout1, view, 0, 0);
    label_font(label, font);
    label_align(label, ekCENTER);
    layout_label(layout2, label, 0, 0);
    layout_hsize(layout2, 0, 512);
    layout_vsize(layout2, 0, 512);
    layout_halign(layout2, 0, 0, ekCENTER);
    layout_valign(layout2, 0, 0, ekTOP);
    font_destroy(&font);
    panel_layout(panel, layout1);
    panel_layout(panel, layout2);
    app->errlabel = label;
    app->glpanel = panel;
    app->glview = view;
    view_point_scale(app->glview, &app->ptscale);
    return panel;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_rlayout(App *app)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 3);
    Panel *panel = i_gl_panel(app);
    Slider *slider1 = slider_create();
    Slider *slider2 = slider_create();
    slider_OnMoved(slider1, listener(app, i_OnAngle, App));
    slider_OnMoved(slider2, listener(app, i_OnScale, App));
    slider_value(slider2, .5f);
    layout_panel(layout, panel, 0, 0);
    layout_slider(layout, slider1, 0, 1);
    layout_slider(layout, slider2, 0, 2);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 0, 10);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 0);
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Panel *i_panel(App *app)
{
    Panel *panel = panel_create();
    Layout *layout1 = layout_create(2, 1);
    ListBox *listbox = listbox_create();
    Layout *layout2 = i_rlayout(app);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "OpenGL 1.1/Fixed", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "OpenGL 2.1/GLSL", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "OpenGL 3.3", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "OpenGL 4", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "DirectX 9/Fixed", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "DirectX 9.c/HLSL", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "DirectX 10", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "DirectX 11", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "DirectX 12", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "Vulkan", NULL);
    listbox_add_elem(listbox, "Metal", NULL);
    listbox_select(listbox, 0, TRUE);
    listbox_OnSelect(listbox, listener(app, i_OnSelect, App));
    listbox_size(listbox, s2df(150, 300));
    layout_listbox(layout1, listbox, 0, 0);
    layout_layout(layout1, layout2, 1, 0);
    panel_layout(panel, layout1);
    layout_valign(layout1, 0, 0, ekTOP);
    layout_hsize(layout1, 0, 150);
    layout_hexpand(layout1, 1);
    layout_margin(layout1, 10);
    layout_hmargin(layout1, 0, 10);
    return panel;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Window *i_window(App *app)
{
    Panel *panel = i_panel(app);
    Window *window = window_create(ekWINDOW_STDRES);
    window_panel(window, panel);
    window_title(window, "Hello 3D Render");
    i_set_glcontext(app, 0);
    return window;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnClose(App *app, Event *e)
{
    unref(app);
    unref(e);
    osapp_finish();
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static App *i_create(void)
{
    App *app = NULL;
    app = heap_new0(App);
    APP = app;
    ogl3d_start();
    app->api = UINT32_MAX;
    app->window = i_window(app);
    app->angle = 0;
    app->scale = 1;
    window_origin(app->window, v2df(500.f, 200.f));
    window_OnClose(app->window, listener(app, i_OnClose, App));
    window_show(app->window);
    return app;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_destroy(App **app)
{
    cassert_no_null(app);
    cassert_no_null(*app);

    i_destroy_gl_apps(*app);
    window_destroy(&(*app)->window);

    if ((*app)->texdata != NULL)
        pixbuf_destroy(&(*app)->texdata);

    ogl3d_finish();
    heap_delete(app, App);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void glhello_texdata(const byte_t **texdata, uint32_t *texwidth, uint32_t *texheight, pixformat_t *texformat)
{
    if (APP->texdata == NULL)
    {
        ResPack *pack = res_glhello_respack("");
        APP->texdata = image_pixels(image_from_resource(pack, WALL_PNG), ekFIMAGE);
        respack_destroy(&pack);
    }

    *texdata = pixbuf_data(APP->texdata);
    *texwidth = pixbuf_width(APP->texdata);
    *texheight = pixbuf_height(APP->texdata);
    *texformat = pixbuf_format(APP->texdata);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "osmain.h"
osmain(i_create, i_destroy, "", App)
Listing 2: demo/glhello/ogl1.c
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/* OpenGL 1 Demo */

#include "ogl1.h"
#include "glhello.h"
#include <ogl3d/ogl3d.h>
#include <sewer/cassert.h>
#include <core/heap.h>
#include <gui/view.h>

#include "nowarn.hxx"
#include <ogl3d/glew.h>
#include "warn.hxx"

struct _ogl1_t
{
    OGLCtx *ctx;
    GLboolean init;
    GLuint texture;
};

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

OGL1 *ogl1_create(View *view, oglerr_t *err)
{
    void *nview = view_native(view);
    OGLCtx *ctx = NULL;
    OGLProps props;
    props.api = ekOGL_1_1;
    props.hdaccel = TRUE;
    props.color_bpp = 32;
    props.depth_bpp = 0;
    props.stencil_bpp = 0;
    props.aux_buffers = 0;
    props.transparent = FALSE;
    props.shared = NULL;
    ctx = ogl3d_context(&props, nview, err);

    if (ctx != NULL)
    {
        OGL1 *ogl = heap_new0(OGL1);
        ogl->ctx = ctx;
        ogl->init = GL_FALSE;
        return ogl;
    }

    return NULL;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl1_destroy(OGL1 **ogl)
{
    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    cassert_no_null(*ogl);
    ogl3d_begin_draw((*ogl)->ctx);

    if ((*ogl)->init == GL_TRUE)
    {
        GLenum err;
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
        glDeleteTextures(1, &(*ogl)->texture);
        cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
        unref(err);
    }

    ogl3d_end_draw((*ogl)->ctx);
    ogl3d_destroy(&(*ogl)->ctx);
    heap_delete(ogl, OGL1);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Data to be stored in GPU memory */
static void i_device_data(OGL1 *ogl)
{
    const byte_t *texdata = NULL;
    uint32_t texwidth, texheight;
    pixformat_t texformat;
    glhello_texdata(&texdata, &texwidth, &texheight, &texformat);
    cassert(texformat == ekRGB24);
    glGenTextures(1, &ogl->texture);
    cassert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ogl->texture);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, (GLsizei)texwidth, (GLsizei)texheight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, (const void *)texdata);
    cassert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl1_draw(OGL1 *ogl, const real32_t width, const real32_t height, const real32_t angle, const real32_t scale)
{
    GLenum err;

    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    ogl3d_begin_draw(ogl->ctx);

    if (ogl->init == GL_FALSE)
    {
        i_device_data(ogl);
        ogl->init = GL_TRUE;
    }

    glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)width, (GLsizei)height);
    glClearColor(.8f, .8f, .8f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glScalef(scale, scale, 0);
    glRotatef(angle * 360, 0, 0, 1);
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ogl->texture);
    glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE);
    /* Not in GL 1.1 */
    /* glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC0_RGB, GL_PREVIOUS); */
    /* glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_SRC1_RGB, GL_TEXTURE); */
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
    glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
    glTexCoord2f(.5, 0);
    glVertex3f(0, 1, 0);
    glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
    glTexCoord2f(0, 1);
    glVertex3f(-1, -1, 0);
    glColor3f(0, 0, 1);
    glTexCoord2f(1, 1);
    glVertex3f(1, -1, 0);
    glEnd();
    unref(err);

    ogl3d_end_draw(ogl->ctx);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl1_resize(OGL1 *ogl, const real32_t width, const real32_t height)
{
    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    ogl3d_set_size(ogl->ctx, (uint32_t)width, (uint32_t)height);
}
Listing 3: demo/glhello/ogl2.c
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/* OpenGL 2 Demo */

#include "ogl2.h"
#include "glhello.h"
#include <ogl3d/ogl3d.h>
#include <sewer/bmath.h>
#include <sewer/cassert.h>
#include <core/heap.h>
#include <gui/view.h>

#include "nowarn.hxx"
#include <ogl3d/glew.h>
#include "warn.hxx"

struct _ogl2_t
{
    OGLCtx *ctx;
    GLboolean init;
    GLuint texture;
    GLuint vbo;
    GLuint ibo;
    GLuint pshader;
    GLint pos_vertex;
    GLint col_vertex;
    GLint tex_vertex;
    GLint mvp_uniform;
    GLint tex_uniform;
};

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static const GLchar *i_VS = "#version 120\n"
                            "uniform mat4 uMVP;\n"
                            "attribute vec3 vPos;\n"
                            "attribute vec3 vColor;\n"
                            "attribute vec2 vTex;\n"
                            "varying vec3 outColor;\n"
                            "varying vec2 texCoord;\n"
                            "void main(void) {\n"
                            "   gl_Position = uMVP * vec4(vPos.xyz, 1);\n"
                            "   outColor = vColor;\n"
                            "   texCoord = vTex;\n"
                            "}\n ";

static const GLchar *i_FS = "#version 120\n"
                            "varying vec3 outColor;\n"
                            "varying vec2 texCoord;\n"
                            "uniform sampler2D uTexture;\n"
                            "void main (void) {\n"
                            "    gl_FragColor = vec4(outColor.xyz, 1.0);\n"
                            "    gl_FragColor *= texture2D(uTexture, texCoord);\n"
                            "}\n";

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

OGL2 *ogl2_create(View *view, oglerr_t *err)
{
    void *nview = view_native(view);
    OGLCtx *ctx = NULL;
    OGLProps props;
    props.api = ekOGL_2_1;
    props.hdaccel = TRUE;
    props.color_bpp = 32;
    props.depth_bpp = 0;
    props.stencil_bpp = 0;
    props.aux_buffers = 0;
    props.transparent = FALSE;
    props.shared = NULL;
    ctx = ogl3d_context(&props, nview, err);

    if (ctx != NULL)
    {
        OGL2 *ogl = heap_new0(OGL2);
        ogl->ctx = ctx;
        ogl->init = GL_FALSE;
        return ogl;
    }

    return NULL;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl2_destroy(OGL2 **ogl)
{
    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    cassert_no_null(*ogl);
    ogl3d_begin_draw((*ogl)->ctx);

    /* Delete all objects in device (GPU) space */
    if ((*ogl)->init == GL_TRUE)
    {
        GLenum err;

        /* Unset all device objects */
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
        glUseProgram(0);

        /* Delete the texture */
        if ((*ogl)->texture != 0)
        {
            glDeleteTextures(1, &(*ogl)->texture);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->texture = 0;
        }

        /* Delete the shader */
        if ((*ogl)->pshader != 0)
        {
            glDeleteProgram((*ogl)->pshader);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->pshader = 0;
        }

        /* Delete the Vertex Buffer Object */
        if ((*ogl)->vbo != 0)
        {
            glDeleteBuffers(1, &(*ogl)->vbo);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->vbo = 0;
        }

        /* Delete the Index(Element) Buffer Object */
        if ((*ogl)->ibo != 0)
        {
            glDeleteBuffers(1, &(*ogl)->ibo);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->ibo = 0;
        }

        unref(err);
    }

    ogl3d_end_draw((*ogl)->ctx);
    ogl3d_destroy(&(*ogl)->ctx);
    heap_delete(ogl, OGL2);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Data to be stored in GPU memory */
static void i_device_data(OGL2 *ogl)
{
    float vertices[] = {
        0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, .5f, 0, /* v0 pos, color, tex */
        -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* v1 pos, color, tex */
        1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1}; /* v2 pos, color, tex */
    uint32_t indices[] = {0, 1, 2};
    const byte_t *texdata;
    uint32_t texwidth, texheight;
    pixformat_t texformat;
    GLuint vshader;
    GLuint fshader;
    GLint status;
    GLenum err;
    char info[512];
    const char *version = cast_const(glGetString(GL_VERSION), char);
    const char *renderer = cast_const(glGetString(GL_RENDERER), char);
    unref(version);
    unref(renderer);

    /* Texture */
    glhello_texdata(&texdata, &texwidth, &texheight, &texformat);
    cassert(texformat == ekRGB24);
    glGenTextures(1, &ogl->texture);
    cassert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ogl->texture);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, (GLsizei)texwidth, (GLsizei)texheight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, (const void *)texdata);
    cassert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Vertex Buffer Object */
    glGenBuffers(1, &ogl->vbo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ogl->vbo);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    /* Index Buffer */
    glGenBuffers(1, &ogl->ibo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ogl->ibo);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    /* Vertex Shader */
    vshader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vshader, 1, &i_VS, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vshader);
    glGetShaderiv(vshader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
    glGetShaderInfoLog(vshader, 512, NULL, info);
    cassert(status != 0);

    /* Pixel Shader */
    fshader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fshader, 1, &i_FS, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fshader);
    glGetShaderiv(fshader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
    glGetShaderInfoLog(fshader, 512, NULL, info);
    cassert(status != 0);

    /* Shader Program */
    ogl->pshader = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(ogl->pshader, vshader);
    glAttachShader(ogl->pshader, fshader);

    /* The association between an attribute variable name and a generic attribute
     index can be specified at any time by calling glBindAttribLocation.
     Attribute bindings do not go into effect until glLinkProgram is called.
     After a program object has been linked successfully, the index values for
     attribute variables remain fixed until the next link command occurs.
     The attribute values can only be queried after a link if the link was
     successful. glGetAttribLocation returns the binding that actually went
     into effect the last time glLinkProgram was called for the specified
     program object. Attribute bindings that have been specified since the last
     link operation are not returned by glGetAttribLocation. */
    glBindAttribLocation(ogl->pshader, 0, "vPos");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glBindAttribLocation(ogl->pshader, 1, "vColor");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glBindAttribLocation(ogl->pshader, 2, "vTex");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glLinkProgram(ogl->pshader);
    glGetProgramiv(ogl->pshader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);
    glGetProgramInfoLog(ogl->pshader, 512, NULL, info);
    cassert(status != 0);

    /* Shader Parameters */
    ogl->pos_vertex = glGetAttribLocation(ogl->pshader, "vPos");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    cassert(ogl->pos_vertex == 0);

    ogl->col_vertex = glGetAttribLocation(ogl->pshader, "vColor");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    cassert(ogl->col_vertex == 1);

    ogl->tex_vertex = glGetAttribLocation(ogl->pshader, "vTex");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    cassert(ogl->tex_vertex == 2);

    ogl->mvp_uniform = glGetUniformLocation(ogl->pshader, "uMVP");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    ogl->tex_uniform = glGetUniformLocation(ogl->pshader, "uTexture");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Delete vertex and pixel shared already linked */
    glDeleteShader(vshader);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    glDeleteShader(fshader);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    unref(err);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_scale_rotate_Z(GLfloat *m, const real32_t a, const real32_t s)
{
    real32_t ca = bmath_cosf(a);
    real32_t sa = bmath_sinf(a);
    m[0] = s * ca;
    m[1] = s * sa;
    m[2] = 0;
    m[3] = 0;
    m[4] = -s * sa;
    m[5] = s * ca;
    m[6] = 0;
    m[7] = 0;
    m[8] = 0;
    m[9] = 0;
    m[10] = 1;
    m[11] = 0;
    m[12] = 0;
    m[13] = 0;
    m[14] = 0;
    m[15] = 1;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl2_draw(OGL2 *ogl, const real32_t width, const real32_t height, const real32_t angle, const real32_t scale)
{
    GLfloat m[16];
    GLenum err;

    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    ogl3d_begin_draw(ogl->ctx);

    if (ogl->init == GL_FALSE)
    {
        i_device_data(ogl);
        ogl->init = GL_TRUE;
    }

    glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)width, (GLsizei)height);
    glClearColor(.8f, .8f, 0.8f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    /* Set the texture */
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ogl->texture);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Set vertex buffer */
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ogl->vbo);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Set index buffer */
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ogl->ibo);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Enable vertex attributes */
    glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)ogl->pos_vertex, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void *)0);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)ogl->pos_vertex);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)ogl->col_vertex, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void *)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)ogl->col_vertex);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)ogl->tex_vertex, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void *)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)ogl->tex_vertex);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Set the shader */
    glUseProgram(ogl->pshader);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Model-View-Projection and draw */
    i_scale_rotate_Z(m, angle * 2 * kBMATH_PIf, scale);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(ogl->mvp_uniform, 1, GL_FALSE, m);
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    ogl3d_end_draw(ogl->ctx);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl2_resize(OGL2 *ogl, const real32_t width, const real32_t height)
{
    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    ogl3d_set_size(ogl->ctx, (uint32_t)width, (uint32_t)height);
}
Listing 4: demo/glhello/ogl3.c
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/* OpenGL 3 Demo */

#include "ogl3.h"
#include "glhello.h"
#include <ogl3d/ogl3d.h>
#include <sewer/bmath.h>
#include <sewer/cassert.h>
#include <core/heap.h>
#include <gui/view.h>

#include "nowarn.hxx"
#include <ogl3d/glew.h>
#include "warn.hxx"

struct _ogl3_t
{
    OGLCtx *ctx;
    GLboolean init;
    GLuint texture;
    GLuint vbo;
    GLuint vao;
    GLuint ibo;
    GLuint pshader;
    GLint mvp_uniform;
    GLint tex_uniform;
};

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static const GLchar *i_VS = "#version 330\n"
                            "uniform mat4 uMVP;\n"
                            "layout(location = 0) in vec3 vPos;\n"
                            "layout(location = 1) in vec3 vColor;\n"
                            "layout(location = 2) in vec2 vTex;\n"
                            "out vec3 outColor;\n"
                            "out vec2 texCoord;\n"
                            "void main(void) {\n"
                            "   gl_Position = uMVP * vec4(vPos.xyz, 1);\n"
                            "   outColor = vColor;\n"
                            "   texCoord = vTex;\n"
                            "}\n";

static const char_t *i_FS = "#version 330\n"
                            "in vec3 outColor;\n"
                            "in vec2 texCoord;\n"
                            "out vec4 fragColor;\n"
                            "uniform sampler2D uTexture;\n"
                            "void main (void) {\n"
                            "   fragColor = vec4(outColor.xyz, 1.0);\n"
                            "   fragColor *= texture(uTexture, texCoord);\n"
                            "}\n";

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

OGL3 *ogl3_create(View *view, oglerr_t *err)
{
    void *nview = view_native(view);
    OGLCtx *ctx = NULL;
    OGLProps props;
    props.api = ekOGL_3_3;
    props.hdaccel = TRUE;
    props.color_bpp = 32;
    props.depth_bpp = 0;
    props.stencil_bpp = 0;
    props.aux_buffers = 0;
    props.transparent = FALSE;
    props.shared = NULL;
    ctx = ogl3d_context(&props, nview, err);

    if (ctx != NULL)
    {
        OGL3 *ogl = heap_new0(OGL3);
        ogl->ctx = ctx;
        ogl->init = GL_FALSE;
        return ogl;
    }

    return NULL;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl3_destroy(OGL3 **ogl)
{
    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    cassert_no_null(*ogl);
    ogl3d_begin_draw((*ogl)->ctx);

    /* Delete all objects in device (GPU) space */
    if ((*ogl)->init == GL_TRUE)
    {
        GLenum err;

        /* Unset all device objects */
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
        glBindVertexArray(0);
        glUseProgram(0);

        /* Delete the texture */
        if ((*ogl)->texture != 0)
        {
            glDeleteTextures(1, &(*ogl)->texture);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->texture = 0;
        }
        
        /* Delete the shader */
        if ((*ogl)->pshader != 0)
        {
            glDeleteProgram((*ogl)->pshader);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->pshader = 0;
        }

        /* Delete the Vertex Buffer Object */
        if ((*ogl)->vbo != 0)
        {
            glDeleteBuffers(1, &(*ogl)->vbo);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->vbo = 0;
        }

        /* Delete the Vertex Array Object */
        if ((*ogl)->vao != 0)
        {
            glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &(*ogl)->vao);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->vao = 0;
        }

        /* Delete the Index(Element) Buffer Object */
        if ((*ogl)->ibo != 0)
        {
            glDeleteBuffers(1, &(*ogl)->ibo);
            cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
            (*ogl)->ibo = 0;
        }

        unref(err);
    }

    ogl3d_end_draw((*ogl)->ctx);
    ogl3d_destroy(&(*ogl)->ctx);
    heap_delete(ogl, OGL3);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Data to be stored in GPU memory */
static void i_device_data(OGL3 *ogl)
{
    const float vertices[] = {
        0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, .5f, 0, /* v0 pos, color, tex */
        -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, /* v1 pos, color, tex */
        1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1}; /* v2 pos, color, tex */
    uint32_t indices[] = {0, 1, 2};
    const byte_t *texdata = NULL;
    uint32_t texwidth, texheight;
    pixformat_t texformat;
    GLuint vshader;
    GLuint fshader;
    GLint status;
    GLenum err;
    char info[512];
    const char *version = cast_const(glGetString(GL_VERSION), char);
    const char *renderer = cast_const(glGetString(GL_RENDERER), char);
    unref(version);
    unref(renderer);

    /* Texture */
    glhello_texdata(&texdata, &texwidth, &texheight, &texformat);
    cassert(texformat == ekRGB24);
    glGenTextures(1, &ogl->texture);
    cassert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ogl->texture);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, (GLsizei)texwidth, (GLsizei)texheight, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, cast_const(texdata, void));
    cassert(glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Vertex Array Object */
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &ogl->vao);
    glBindVertexArray(ogl->vao);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Vertex Buffer Object */
    glGenBuffers(1, &ogl->vbo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, ogl->vbo);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Enable vertex attributes */
    /* 0 = layout(location = 0) vPos */
    glVertexAttribPointer(0 /* vPos */, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void *)0);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0 /* vPos */);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    /* 1 = layout(location = 1) vColor */
    glVertexAttribPointer(1 /* vColor */, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void *)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1 /* vColor */);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    /* 2 = layout(location = 2) vTex */
    glVertexAttribPointer(2 /* vTex */, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void *)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2 /* vTex */);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Index Buffer */
    glGenBuffers(1, &ogl->ibo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ogl->ibo);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Vertex Shader */
    vshader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vshader, 1, &i_VS, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vshader);
    glGetShaderiv(vshader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
    glGetShaderInfoLog(vshader, 512, NULL, info);
    cassert(status != 0);

    /* Pixel Shader */
    fshader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fshader, 1, &i_FS, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fshader);
    glGetShaderiv(fshader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
    glGetShaderInfoLog(fshader, 512, NULL, info);
    cassert(status != 0);

    /* Shader Program */
    ogl->pshader = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(ogl->pshader, vshader);
    glAttachShader(ogl->pshader, fshader);
    glLinkProgram(ogl->pshader);
    glGetProgramiv(ogl->pshader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);
    glGetProgramInfoLog(ogl->pshader, 512, NULL, info);
    cassert(status != 0);

    /* Shader uniform access */
    ogl->mvp_uniform = glGetUniformLocation(ogl->pshader, "uMVP");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    ogl->tex_uniform = glGetUniformLocation(ogl->pshader, "uTexture");
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Delete vertex and pixel shared already linked */
    glDeleteShader(vshader);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    glDeleteShader(fshader);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    unref(err);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_scale_rotate_Z(GLfloat *m, const real32_t a, const real32_t s)
{
    real32_t ca = bmath_cosf(a);
    real32_t sa = bmath_sinf(a);
    m[0] = s * ca;
    m[1] = s * sa;
    m[2] = 0;
    m[3] = 0;
    m[4] = -s * sa;
    m[5] = s * ca;
    m[6] = 0;
    m[7] = 0;
    m[8] = 0;
    m[9] = 0;
    m[10] = 1;
    m[11] = 0;
    m[12] = 0;
    m[13] = 0;
    m[14] = 0;
    m[15] = 1;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl3_draw(OGL3 *ogl, const real32_t width, const real32_t height, const real32_t angle, const real32_t scale)
{
    GLfloat m[16];
    GLenum err;

    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    ogl3d_begin_draw(ogl->ctx);

    if (ogl->init == GL_FALSE)
    {
        i_device_data(ogl);
        ogl->init = GL_TRUE;
    }

    glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)width, (GLsizei)height);
    glClearColor(.8f, .8f, 0.8f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    /* Set the texture */
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ogl->texture);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);
    
    /* Set vertex array object */
    glBindVertexArray(ogl->vao);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Set index buffer object */
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ogl->ibo);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Set the shader */
    glUseProgram(ogl->pshader);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    /* Model-View-Projection and draw */
    i_scale_rotate_Z(m, angle * 2 * kBMATH_PIf, scale);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(ogl->mvp_uniform, 1, GL_FALSE, m);
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
    cassert((err = glGetError()) == GL_NO_ERROR);

    ogl3d_end_draw(ogl->ctx);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ogl3_resize(OGL3 *ogl, const real32_t width, const real32_t height)
{
    cassert_no_null(ogl);
    ogl3d_set_size(ogl->ctx, (uint32_t)width, (uint32_t)height);
}
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