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Products

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This page has been automatically translated using the Google Translate API services. We are working on improving texts. Thank you for your understanding and patience.

In this project we will face the construction of an application that allows browsing through a database of products obtained from a Web server (Figure 1). This client-server pattern is widely used today, so we will have a stable base to create any application based on this model. The source code is in folder /src/demo/products of the SDK distribution.

Capture of the Windows version of the application Products.
Figure 1: Application Products, Windows version.
Capture of the macOS version of the application Products.
Figure 2: macOS version.
Capture of the Linux version of the application Products.
Figure 3: Linux/GTK+ version.

1. Specifications

  • The database is remote and we will access it through Web services that will encapsulate the data in JSON. To obtain the products we will use this service and to register a user this other. We have four users registered in our database: amanda, brenda, brian and john all with password 1234.
  • The remote database is read-only. We do not have web services to edit it.
  • The moment a user registers, all articles will automatically be downloaded.
  • A small graph with the sales statistics of each product will be displayed.
  • You can edit the database locally, as well as add or delete records.
  • You can export the local database to disk, as well as import it.
  • We will have the typical navigation controls: First, last, next, previous.
  • We can establish a filter by description. Only those products whose description matches partially with the filter will be displayed.
  • The interface will be in seven languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Vietnamese, Russian and Japanese. We can change the language without closing the application.
  • The application must run on Windows, macOS and Linux.

2. Model-View-Controller

Since this program has a medium level of complexity, we will fragment it into three parts using the well-known pattern model-view-controller MVC (Figure 4).

Outline of the Model-View-Controller pattern.
Figure 4: MVC modules that make up the application.
  • Model: It will deal with the data itself, the connection with the server and the reading/writing on disk. It will be implemented in prmodel.c.
  • View: Here we will implement the data presentation layer, composed of the main window (in prview.c) and the menu bar (in prmenu.c).
  • Controller: Will take care of the logic of the program prctrl.c. It will respond to user events and maintain consistency between the model and the view. Due to the amount of extra work involved in synchronizing each field of the structure with the interface controls, we will use the pattern Model-View-ViewModel MVVM where the model data will be automatically synchronized with the interface and the I/O channels.
  • Main: module products.c. It contains the function osmain and load the three previous actors.

3. Model

The data model of this application is quite simple (Listing 1), since it only requires manipulating an array of structures of type Product.

Listing 1: Structures that make up the data model.
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typedef struct _model_t Model;
typedef struct _product_t Product;

typedef enum _type_t
{
    ekCPU,
    ekGPU,
    ekHDD,
    ekSCD
} type_t;

struct _product_t
{
    type_t type;
    String *code;
    String *description;
    Image *image64;
    real32_t price;
};

struct _model_t
{
    ArrSt(uint32_t) *filter;
    ArrPt(Product) *products;
};

As a previous step, we will register the model structures which will allow us to automate I/O tasks without having to explicitly coding them thanks to Data binding (Listing 2).

Listing 2: Registration of data model struct fields.
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dbind_enum(type_t, ekCPU);
dbind_enum(type_t, ekGPU);
dbind_enum(type_t, ekHDD);
dbind_enum(type_t, ekSCD);
dbind(Product, type_t, type);
dbind(Product, String*, code);
dbind(Product, String*, description);
dbind(Product, Image*, image64);
dbind(Product, real32_t, price);

3.1. JSON WebServices

We will get the articles data from the Web server in two steps. On the one hand we will download a Stream with the JSON using HTTP and, later, we will parse it to a C object (Listing 3).

Listing 3: JSON data download and processing.
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wserv_t model_webserv(Model *model)
{
    Stream *stm = http_dget("serv.nappgui.com",80,"/dproducts.php",NULL);
    if (stm != NULL)
    {
        PJson *json = json_read(stm, NULL, PJson);
        stm_close(&stm);
        ...

The JSON of this web service consists of a header and a list of products (Listing 4), so we must register a new structure in order to json_read can create the object correctly (Listing 5). Note that JSON-C pairing is carried out by the field name, so these must be identical (Figure 5).

Listing 4: Web service format.
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{
    "code":0,
    "size":80,
    "data":[
    {"id":0,
    "code":"i7-8700K",
    "description":"Intel BX80684I78700K 8th Gen Core i7-8700K Processor",
    type":0,
    "price":374.8899999999999863575794734060764312744140625,
    "image":"cpu_00.jpg",
    "image64":"\/9j\/4AAQSkZJRgABAQ....
    },
    ...
}
Listing 5: JSON header registration.
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typedef struct _pjson_t PJson;
struct _pjson_t
{
    int32_t code;
    uint32_t size;
    ArrPt(Product) *data;
};

dbind(PJson, int32_t, code);
dbind(PJson, uint32_t, size);
dbind(PJson, ArrPt(Product)*, data);
Schematic showing the automatic linking between a JSON and the structures of the program.
Figure 5: json_read access dbind registry to create a C object from a JSON stream.

3.2. Write/Read on disk

Serialization (Listing 6) and de-serialization (Listing 7) of objects using binary streams can also be performed automatically simply by registering the data types (Figure 6). We do not need to explicitly program reading and writing class methods.

Listing 6: Export of the database to disk.
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bool_t model_export(Model *model, const char_t *pathname, ferror_t *err)
{
    Stream *stm = stm_to_file(pathname, err);
    if (stm != NULL)
    {
        dbind_write(stm, model->products, ArrPt(Product));
        stm_close(&stm);
        return TRUE;
    }

    return FALSE;
}
Listing 7: Importing the database from disk.
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bool_t model_import(Model *model, const char_t *pathname, ferror_t *err)
{
    Stream *stm = stm_from_file(pathname, err);
    if (stm != NULL)
    {
        ArrPt(Product) *products = dbind_read(stm, ArrPt(Product));
        stm_close(&stm);

        if (products != NULL)
        {
            dbind_destroy(&model->products, ArrPt(Product));
            model->products = products;
            return TRUE;
        }
    }

    return FALSE;
}
Schema showing how, thanks to data linking, objects can be serialized without the need for additional code.
Figure 6: (De)serialization of binary objects by dbind.

3.3. Add/Delete records

And finally we will see how to add or delete records to the database using the constructors and destructors provided dbind by default. In (Listing 8) we create a new article and in (Listing 9) we destroy another existing one from its index.

Listing 8: Default constructor.
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void model_add(Model *model)
{
    Product *product = dbind_create(Product);
    arrpt_append(model->products, product, Product);
}
Listing 9: Destructor.
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static void i_destroy(Product **product)
{
    dbind_destroy(product, Product);
}

void model_delete(Model *model, const uint32_t index)
{
    arrpt_delete(model->products, index, i_destroy, Product);
}

4. View

We have fragmented the design of the main window into several blocks, each one implemented in its own sublayout. In Use of sublayouts and Sub-layouts you have examples about it. We start with a layout of a column and two rows (Listing 10) (Figure 7). In the upper cell we will place a sublayout with two other cells horizontally: one for the form and one for the login panel. The lower cell will be used for the status bar.

Listing 10: Composition of the main layout.
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static Layout *i_layout(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 2);
    Layout *layout0 = layout_create(2, 1);
    Layout *layout1 = i_form(ctrl);
    Layout *layout2 = i_status_bar(ctrl);
    Panel *panel1 = i_login_panel(ctrl);
    layout_layout(layout0, layout1, 0, 0);
    layout_panel(layout0, panel1, 1, 0);
    layout_layout(layout, layout0, 0, 0);
    layout_layout(layout, layout2, 0, 1);
    return layout;
}
Schematic showing the block composition of the main layout.
Figure 7: Main window layout.

In turn, the layout that integrates the form, implemented in i_form(), is composed of three cells in vertical (Figure 8): One for the toolbar i_toolbar(), another for the selection slider and another for the article data i_product(). This last cell is a sublayout of two columns and three rows. In the central row we locate the labels Type and Price and, in the other two, four sublayout created by the functions i_code_desc() , i_n_img(), i_type() and i_price().

Schematic showing the composition by blocks of the form layout.
Figure 8: Layout que implementa el formulario.

If we look at the code of i_product(), reproduced partially in (Listing 11), we have made a Layout format, assigning a minimum width and height for the upper cells. We also indicate that the vertical expansion is performed on row 0, avoiding the expansion of rows 1 and 2, corresponding to the label, the radiobutton and the price.

Listing 11: Format of layout i_product()).
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static Layout *i_product()
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(2, 3);
    ...
    layout_hsize(layout, 0, 200.f);
    layout_hsize(layout, 1, 200.f);
    layout_vsize(layout, 0, 200.f);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 0);
    ...
}

4.1. Multi-layout panel

For user login we have used a panel with two different layouts: One for registration and another to show user data once registered (Listing 12) (Figure 9). This way, the controller can easily switch between them by calling panel_visible_layout. This function will be responsible for displaying/hiding controls and recalculating the size of the window, since it may have suffered variations due to the change in layout.

Listing 12: Creation of a multi-layout panel.
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static Panel *i_login_panel(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Panel *panel = panel_create();
    Layout *layout0 = i_login(ctrl);
    Layout *layout1 = i_logout(ctrl);
    panel_layout(panel, layout0);
    panel_layout(panel, layout1);
    return panel;
}
Capture of the two layouts that form a multi-layout panel.
Figure 9: Login panel with two layouts.

4.2. Hide columns

It is also possible to hide the login panel through the menu or the corresponding button (Figure 10). This is simple to do inside the controller, acting on the column that contains said panel.

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layout_show_col(ctrl->layout, 1, state == ekGUI_ON ? TRUE : FALSE);
Capture that shows how to hide part of the panel.
Figure 10: Show/Hide the login panel.

4.3. Bar graphs

One of the requirements is that the interface includes a small bar chart that shows the sales statistics of each product (Figure 11). The code generated by this graphic is in (Listing 13). In Use of Custom Views, Parametric drawing and 2D Contexts you have more information about interactive graphics.

Listing 13: Parametric drawing of a bar graph.
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static void i_OnStats(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvDraw *params = event_params(e, EvDraw);
    uint32_t i, n = sizeof(ctrl->stats) / sizeof(real32_t);
    real32_t p = 10.f, x = p, y0 = params->height - p;
    real32_t w = (params->width - p * 2) / n;
    real32_t h = params->height - p * 2;
    real32_t avg = 0, pavg;
    char_t tavg[16];
    color_t c[2];
    real32_t stop[2] = {0, 1};
    c[0] = kHOLDER;
    c[1] = kCOLOR_VIEW;
    draw_fill_linear(params->ctx, c,stop, 2, 0, p, 0, params->height - p + 1);

    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        real32_t hr = h * (ctrl->stats[i] / i_MAX_STATS);
        real32_t y = p + h - hr;
        draw_rect(params->ctx, ekFILL, x, y, w - 2, hr);
        avg += ctrl->stats[i];
        x += w;
    }

    avg /= n;
    pavg = h * (avg / i_MAX_STATS);
    pavg = p + h - pavg;
    bstd_sprintf(tavg, sizeof(tavg), "%.2f", avg);
    draw_fill_color(params->ctx, kTXTRED);
    draw_line_color(params->ctx, kTXTRED);
    draw_line(params->ctx, p - 2, pavg, params->width - p, pavg);
    draw_line_color(params->ctx, kCOLOR_LABEL);
    draw_line(params->ctx, p - 2, y0 + 2, params->width - p, y0 + 2);
    draw_line(params->ctx, p - 2, y0 + 2, p - 2, p);
    draw_text(params->ctx, ekFILL, tavg, p, pavg);
}
Animation of a dynamic bar graph, included in the application.
Figure 11: Dynamic graphs in the login panel.

4.4. Translations

The interface has been translated into seven languages, with English as default (Figure 12). To change the language, we call to gui_language within the PopUp event handler (Listing 14). In Resources you have a step-by-step guide to locating and translating applications.

Listing 14: Code that changes the language of the program.
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static void i_OnLang(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvButton *params = event_params(e, EvButton);
    static const char_t *LANGS[] = { "en_US", "es_ES", "pt_PT", "it_IT", "vi_VN", "ru_RU", "ja_JP" };
    gui_language(LANGS[params->index]);
}
Animation of the program, changing the interface language.
Figure 12: Automatic translations.

4.5. Dark Mode themes

NAppGUI uses native interface controls, which causes windows to integrate seamlessly with the active desktop theme on each machine. However, if we use custom icons or colors, these may not always be consistent when porting to other systems.

5. Controller

The controller is responsible for maintaining consistency between the Model and the View, as well as for implementing the business logic. Specifically, this program does virtually nothing with the data, regardless of downloading and displaying, which presents a good opportunity to practice.

5.1. Multi-threaded login

When the user presses the button [Login] the program calls two Web services. One to register the user and another to download the data. This process lasts about a second, which is an eternity from the point of view of a process. During this time you will come to appreciate that the program remains "frozen" waiting for the calls to the server to be resolved. This occurs because a "slow" task is running on the same thread that manages the program message loop (Figure 14)(a).

To avoid this unpleasant effect, which can be aggravated if the request lasts longer, we will use Multi-threaded tasks by osapp_task (Listing 18) (Figure 14)(b). This creates a new execution thread that begins in i_login_begin. At the time the data has been downloaded, the NAppGUI task manager will call i_login_end (already in the main thread) and the program will continue with its (mono-thread) execution.

Listing 18: Multi-thread login process.
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static void i_OnLogin(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    ctrl->status = ekIN_LOGIN;
    i_status(ctrl);
    osapp_task(ctrl, 0., i_login_begin, NULL, i_login_end, Ctrl);
    unref(e);
}
Diagram showing how two threads are coordinated to perform the login process.
Figure 14: Execution of a "slow" task. Single-thread (a), Multi-thread (b). With a single thread the interface will be "frozen".

5.2. Synchronize Model and View

Keeping the Data Model and the View synchronized is also the controller's task. As the user interacts with the interface, it must capture the events, filter data and update the model objects. Similarly, every time the model changes it has to refresh the interface. This bidirectional synchronization can be done using dbind, saving a lot of extra programming code (Figure 15).

Scheme showing the location of the data link in the MVC pattern.
Figure 15: DBind helps the controller in the recurring task of synchronizing objects with the interface.

The implementation of this MVVM pattern Model-View-ViewModel is quite simple and we have it summarized in (Listing 19) (Figure 16).

  • Use cell_dbind to link a layout cell with a model field.
  • Use layout_dbind to link the layout containing the previous cells with the struct which contains the fields.
  • Use layout_dbind_obj to assign an object to the layout. From here the Model-View updates will be made automatically.
    • Listing 19: Binding struct with layout.
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    // In View
Cell *cell0 = layout_cell(layout, 0, 1);
...
cell_dbind(cell0, Product, String*, code);
cell_dbind(cell1, Product, String*, description);
cell_dbind(cell2, Product, type_t, type);
cell_dbind(cell3, Product, Image*, image64);
cell_dbind(cell4, Product, real32_t, price);
layout_dbind(layout, Product);

// In Controller
Product *product = model_product(model, index);
layout_dbind_obj(layout, product, Product);
    Diagram showing the correspondence between the fields of a structure and interface controls.
    Figure 16: Data binding in GUI.

It is common for data to be reviewed (filtered) after editing to verify that the values are consistent with the model. dbind supports different formats for registered fields. In (Listing 20) we have applied formatting to the field pricefrom Product.

Listing 20: Field format price from Product.
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dbind_default(Product, real32_t, price, 1);
dbind_range(Product, real32_t, price, .50f, 1e6f);
dbind_precision(Product, real32_t, price, .05f);
dbind_increment(Product, real32_t, price, 5.f);
dbind_suffix(Product, real32_t, price, "€");

5.3. Change the image

To change the image associated with the product, the controller has slightly modified the operation of the ImageView, which will show an edit icon each time the mouse is placed on top of the image (Listing 21), (Figure 17).

Listing 21: Drawing an overlay when the mouse is over the image.
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static void i_OnImgDraw(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvDraw *params = event_params(e, EvDraw);
    const Image *image = gui_respack_image(EDIT_PNG);
    uint32_t w, h;
    image_size(image, &w, &h);
    draw_image(params->context, image, params->width - w - 10, params->height - h - 10);
    unref(ctrl);
}
...
imageview_OnOverDraw(view, listener(ctrl, i_OnImgDraw, Ctrl));
Image view with an icon.
Figure 17: Superimposed icon on image control.

Clicking on the image will open the file opening dialog that will allow us to select a new one. If the dialog is accepted, the image will be loaded and assigned to control (Listing 22). The object will update automatically.

Listing 22: Drawing an overlay when the mouse is over the image.
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static void i_OnImgClick(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const char_t *type[] = { "png", "jpg" };
    const char_t *file = comwin_open_file(type, 2, NULL);
    if (file != NULL)
    {
        Image *image = image_from_file(file, NULL);
        if (image != NULL)
        {
            View *view = cell_view(ctrl->image_cell);
            imageview_image(view, image);
            image_destroy(&image);
        }
    }
    unref(e);
}
...
imageview_OnClick(view, listener(ctrl, i_OnImgClick, Ctrl));

5.4. Memory management

After closing the program, a report will be printed with the use of memory, alerting us to possible memory leaks (Listing 23). It does not hurt to check it periodically in order to detect anomalies as soon as possible.

Listing 23: Memory usage statistics, generated at the close of any NAppGUI application.
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[22:17:21] [OK] Heap Memory Staticstics
[22:17:21] ============================
[22:17:21] Total a/dellocations: 2065, 2065
[22:17:21] Total bytes a/dellocated: 2831766, 2831766
[22:17:21] Max bytes allocated: 1642879
[22:17:21] Effective reallocations: (0/55)
[22:17:21] Real allocations: 13 pages of 65536 bytes
[22:17:21]                   5 pages greater than 65536 bytes
[22:17:21] ============================

If we want more detailed information about the use of memory, we can pass the parameter "-hv" in the options field of osmain (Listing 24).

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osmain(i_create, i_destroy, "-hv", App)
Listing 24: Detailed output of memory usage.
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[12:01:41] 'App' a/deallocations: 1, 1 (32) bytes
[12:01:41] 'ArrPt::Cell' a/deallocations: 24, 24 (576) bytes
[12:01:41] 'ArrPt::GuiComponent' a/deallocations: 8, 8 (192) bytes
...
[12:01:41] 'Button' a/deallocations: 13, 13 (1664) bytes
[12:01:41] 'View' a/deallocations: 5, 5 (840) bytes
[12:01:41] 'Clock' a/deallocations: 1, 1 (48) bytes
[12:01:41] 'Combo' a/deallocations: 1, 1 (176) bytes
...
[12:01:41] 'UpDown' a/deallocations: 1, 1 (64) bytes
[12:01:41] 'VImgData' a/deallocations: 4, 4 (160) bytes
[12:01:41] 'Window' a/deallocations: 1, 1 (80) bytes
[12:01:41] 'bool_t::arr' a/deallocations: 6, 6 (27) bytes
[12:01:41] 'i_App' a/deallocations: 1, 1 (184) bytes
[12:01:41] 'i_Task' a/deallocations: 1, 1 (64) bytes

6. The complete program

Listing 25: demo/products/products.hxx
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/* Products Types */

#ifndef __TYPES_HXX__
#define __TYPES_HXX__

#include <gui/gui.hxx>

typedef enum _wserv_t
{
    ekWS_CONNECT = 1,
    ekWS_JSON,
    ekWS_ACCESS,
    ekWS_OK
} wserv_t;

typedef struct _model_t Model;
typedef struct _product_t Product;
typedef struct _ctrl_t Ctrl;

__EXTERN_C

extern color_t kHOLDER;
extern color_t kEDITBG;
extern color_t kSTATBG;
extern color_t kSTATSK;
extern color_t kTXTRED;

__END_C

#endif
Listing 26: demo/products/products.c
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/* NAppGUI Products Demo */

#include "nappgui.h"
#include "prmodel.h"
#include "prmenu.h"
#include "prctrl.h"
#include "prview.h"
#include "res_products.h"
#include <inet/inet.h>

typedef struct _app_t App;
struct _app_t
{
    Model *model;
    Ctrl *ctrl;
    Window *window;
    Menu *menu;
};

color_t kHOLDER;
color_t kEDITBG;
color_t kSTATBG;
color_t kSTATSK;
color_t kTXTRED;

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnThemeChanged(App *app, Event *e)
{
    ctrl_theme_images(app->ctrl);
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static App *i_create(void)
{
    App *app = heap_new(App);
    kHOLDER = gui_alt_color(color_bgr(0x4681Cf), color_bgr(0x1569E6));
    kEDITBG = gui_alt_color(color_bgr(0xFFFFe4), color_bgr(0x101010));
    kSTATBG = gui_alt_color(color_bgr(0xFFC165), color_bgr(0x523d1d));
    kSTATSK = gui_alt_color(color_bgr(0xFF8034), color_bgr(0xFF8034));
    kTXTRED = gui_alt_color(color_bgr(0xFF0000), color_bgr(0xEB665A));
    inet_start();
    gui_respack(res_products_respack);
    gui_language("");
    gui_OnThemeChanged(listener(app, i_OnThemeChanged, App));
    model_bind();
    app->model = model_create();
    app->ctrl = ctrl_create(app->model);
    app->menu = prmenu_create(app->ctrl);
    app->window = prview_create(app->ctrl);
    osapp_menubar(app->menu, app->window);
    ctrl_run(app->ctrl);
    window_origin(app->window, v2df(100.f, 100.f));
    window_show(app->window);
    return app;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_destroy(App **app)
{
    cassert_no_null(app);
    cassert_no_null(*app);
    ctrl_destroy(&(*app)->ctrl);
    window_destroy(&(*app)->window);
    menu_destroy(&(*app)->menu);
    model_destroy(&(*app)->model);
    inet_finish();
    heap_delete(app, App);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "osmain.h"
osmain(i_create, i_destroy, "", App)
Listing 27: demo/products/prmodel.c
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/* Products Model */

#include "prmodel.h"
#include "res_products.h"
#include <gui/guiall.h>
#include <inet/httpreq.h>
#include <inet/json.h>

typedef struct _pjson_t PJson;

typedef enum _type_t
{
    ekCPU,
    ekGPU,
    ekHDD,
    ekSCD
} type_t;

struct _product_t
{
    type_t type;
    String *code;
    String *description;
    Image *image64;
    real32_t price;
};

struct _pjson_t
{
    int32_t code;
    uint32_t size;
    ArrPt(Product) *data;
};

struct _model_t
{
    ArrSt(uint32_t) *filter;
    ArrPt(Product) *products;
};

DeclPt(Product);

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

Model *model_create(void)
{
    Model *model = heap_new(Model);
    model->filter = arrst_create(uint32_t);
    model->products = arrpt_create(Product);
    return model;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_destroy(Model **model)
{
    arrst_destroy(&(*model)->filter, NULL, uint32_t);
    dbind_destroy(&(*model)->products, ArrPt(Product));
    heap_delete(model, Model);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Stream *i_http_get(void)
{
    Http *http = http_create("serv.nappgui.com", 80);
    Stream *stm = NULL;

    if (http_get(http, "/dproducts.php", NULL, 0, NULL) == TRUE)
    {
        uint32_t status = http_response_status(http);
        if (status >= 200 && status <= 299)
        {
            stm = stm_memory(4096);
            if (http_response_body(http, stm, NULL) == FALSE)
                stm_close(&stm);
        }
    }

    http_destroy(&http);
    return stm;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

wserv_t model_webserv(Model *model)
{
    Stream *stm = i_http_get();
    if (stm != NULL)
    {
        PJson *json = json_read(stm, NULL, PJson);
        stm_close(&stm);

        if (json != NULL)
        {
            cassert(json->size == arrpt_size(json->data, Product));
            dbind_destroy(&model->products, ArrPt(Product));
            model->products = json->data;
            json->data = NULL;
            json_destroy(&json, PJson);
            return ekWS_OK;
        }

        return ekWS_JSON;
    }

    return ekWS_CONNECT;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

bool_t model_import(Model *model, const char_t *pathname, ferror_t *err)
{
    Stream *stm = stm_from_file(pathname, err);
    if (stm != NULL)
    {
        ArrPt(Product) *products = dbind_read(stm, ArrPt(Product));
        stm_close(&stm);

        if (products != NULL)
        {
            dbind_destroy(&model->products, ArrPt(Product));
            model->products = products;
            return TRUE;
        }
    }

    return FALSE;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

bool_t model_export(Model *model, const char_t *pathname, ferror_t *err)
{
    Stream *stm = stm_to_file(pathname, err);
    if (stm != NULL)
    {
        dbind_write(stm, model->products, ArrPt(Product));
        stm_close(&stm);
        return TRUE;
    }

    return FALSE;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

uint32_t model_count(const Model *model)
{
    uint32_t total = arrst_size(model->filter, uint32_t);
    if (total == 0)
        total = arrpt_size(model->products, Product);
    return total;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_clear(Model *model)
{
    dbind_destroy(&model->products, ArrPt(Product));
    arrst_clear(model->filter, NULL, uint32_t);
    model->products = dbind_create(ArrPt(Product));
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_add(Model *model)
{
    Product *product = dbind_create(Product);
    arrpt_append(model->products, product, Product);
    arrst_clear(model->filter, NULL, uint32_t);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static uint32_t i_index(ArrSt(uint32_t) *filter, const uint32_t index)
{
    if (arrst_size(filter, uint32_t) > 0)
        return *arrst_get(filter, index, uint32_t);
    else
        return index;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static __INLINE void i_destroy(Product **product)
{
    dbind_destroy(product, Product);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_delete(Model *model, const uint32_t index)
{
    uint32_t lindex = i_index(model->filter, index);
    arrpt_delete(model->products, lindex, i_destroy, Product);
    arrst_clear(model->filter, NULL, uint32_t);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

bool_t model_filter(Model *model, const char_t *filter)
{
    ArrSt(uint32_t) *new_filter = arrst_create(uint32_t);

    arrpt_foreach(product, model->products, Product)
        if (str_str(tc(product->description), filter) != NULL)
            arrst_append(new_filter, product_i, uint32_t);
    arrpt_end();

    arrst_destroy(&model->filter, NULL, uint32_t);
    model->filter = new_filter;

    return (bool_t)(arrst_size(new_filter, uint32_t) > 0);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

Product *model_product(Model *model, const uint32_t product_id)
{
    uint32_t lindex = i_index(model->filter, product_id);
    return arrpt_get(model->products, lindex, Product);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_bind(void)
{
    dbind_enum(type_t, ekCPU, "");
    dbind_enum(type_t, ekGPU, "");
    dbind_enum(type_t, ekHDD, "");
    dbind_enum(type_t, ekSCD, "");
    dbind(Product, type_t, type);
    dbind(Product, String*, code);
    dbind(Product, String*, description);
    dbind(Product, Image*, image64);
    dbind(Product, real32_t, price);
    dbind(PJson, int32_t, code);
    dbind(PJson, uint32_t, size);
    dbind(PJson, ArrPt(Product)*, data);
    dbind_default(Product, real32_t, price, 1);
    dbind_range(Product, real32_t, price, .50f, 1e6f);
    dbind_precision(Product, real32_t, price, .05f);
    dbind_increment(Product, real32_t, price, 5.f);
    dbind_suffix(Product, real32_t, price, "€");
    dbind_default(Product, Image*, image64, gui_image(NOIMAGE_PNG));
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_layout(Layout *layout)
{
    layout_dbind(layout, NULL, Product);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_type(Cell *cell)
{
    cell_dbind(cell, Product, type_t, type);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_code(Cell *cell)
{
    cell_dbind(cell, Product, String*, code);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_desc(Cell *cell)
{
    cell_dbind(cell, Product, String*, description);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_image(Cell *cell)
{
    cell_dbind(cell, Product, Image*, image64);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void model_price(Cell *cell)
{
    cell_dbind(cell, Product, real32_t, price);
}
Listing 28: demo/products/prview.c
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/* Products View */

#include "prview.h"
#include "prctrl.h"
#include "res_products.h"
#include <gui/guiall.h>

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_toolbar(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(8, 1);
    Button *button0 = button_flat();
    Button *button1 = button_flat();
    Button *button2 = button_flat();
    Button *button3 = button_flat();
    Button *button4 = button_flat();
    Button *button5 = button_flat();
    Button *button6 = button_flatgle();
    Combo *combo = combo_create();
    button_text(button0, TWIN_FIRST);
    button_text(button1, TWIN_BACK);
    button_text(button2, TWIN_NEXT);
    button_text(button3, TWIN_LAST);
    button_text(button4, TWIN_ADD);
    button_text(button5, TWIN_DEL);
    button_text(button6, TWIN_SETTINGS_PANEL);
    combo_tooltip(combo, TWIN_FILTER_DESC);
    combo_bgcolor_focus(combo, kEDITBG);
    combo_phtext(combo, TWIN_FILTER);
    combo_phcolor(combo, kHOLDER);
    combo_phstyle(combo, ekFITALIC | ekFUNDERLINE);
    layout_button(layout, button0, 0, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button1, 1, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button2, 2, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button3, 3, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button4, 4, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button5, 5, 0);
    layout_combo(layout, combo, 6, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button6, 7, 0);
    layout_hmargin(layout, 5, 5);
    layout_hmargin(layout, 6, 5);
    layout_hexpand(layout, 6);
    ctrl_first_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 0));
    ctrl_back_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 1, 0));
    ctrl_next_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 2, 0));
    ctrl_last_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 3, 0));
    ctrl_add_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 4, 0));
    ctrl_minus_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 5, 0));
    ctrl_filter_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 6, 0));
    ctrl_setting_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 7, 0));
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_code_desc(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 4);
    Label *label0 = label_create();
    Label *label1 = label_create();
    Edit *edit0 = edit_create();
    Edit *edit1 = edit_multiline();
    label_text(label0, TWIN_CODE);
    label_text(label1, TWIN_DESC);
    edit_phtext(edit0, TWIN_TYPE_CODE);
    edit_phtext(edit1, TWIN_TYPE_DESC);
    edit_bgcolor_focus(edit0, kEDITBG);
    edit_bgcolor_focus(edit1, kEDITBG);
    edit_phcolor(edit0, kHOLDER);
    edit_phcolor(edit1, kHOLDER);
    edit_phstyle(edit0, ekFITALIC | ekFUNDERLINE);
    edit_phstyle(edit1, ekFITALIC | ekFUNDERLINE);
    layout_label(layout, label0, 0, 0);
    layout_edit(layout, edit0, 0, 1);
    layout_label(layout, label1, 0, 2);
    layout_edit(layout, edit1, 0, 3);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 1, 10);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 3);
    ctrl_code_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 1));
    ctrl_desc_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 3));
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_type(void)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(4, 1);
    Button *button0 = button_radio();
    Button *button1 = button_radio();
    Button *button2 = button_radio();
    Button *button3 = button_radio();
    button_text(button0, TWIN_CPU);
    button_text(button1, TWIN_GPU);
    button_text(button2, TWIN_HDD);
    button_text(button3, TWIN_SCD);
    layout_button(layout, button0, 0, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button1, 1, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button2, 2, 0);
    layout_button(layout, button3, 3, 0);
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_n_img(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 2);
    Label *label = label_create();
    ImageView *view = imageview_create();
    label_align(label, ekCENTER);
    layout_halign(layout, 0, 0, ekJUSTIFY);
    layout_label(layout, label, 0, 0);
    layout_imageview(layout, view, 0, 1);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 1);
    ctrl_counter_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 0));
    ctrl_image_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 1));
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_price(void)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(2, 1);
    Edit *edit = edit_create();
    Font *font = font_system(18, ekFBOLD);
    UpDown *updown = updown_create();
    edit_phtext(edit, TWIN_TYPE_PRICE);
    edit_font(edit, font);
    edit_align(edit, ekRIGHT);
    edit_color(edit, kTXTRED);
    edit_bgcolor_focus(edit, kEDITBG);
    edit_phcolor(edit, kHOLDER);
    edit_phstyle(edit, ekFITALIC | ekFUNDERLINE);
    layout_edit(layout, edit, 0, 0);
    layout_updown(layout, updown, 1, 0);
    layout_hsize(layout, 1, 24);
    layout_hexpand(layout, 0);
    font_destroy(&font);
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_product(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(2, 3);
    Layout *layout0 = i_code_desc(ctrl);
    Layout *layout1 = i_type();
    Layout *layout2 = i_n_img(ctrl);
    Layout *layout3 = i_price();
    Label *label0 = label_create();
    Label *label1 = label_create();
    label_text(label0, TWIN_TYPE);
    label_text(label1, TWIN_PRICE);
    layout_layout(layout, layout0, 0, 0);
    layout_label(layout, label0, 0, 1);
    layout_layout(layout, layout1, 0, 2);
    layout_layout(layout, layout2, 1, 0);
    layout_label(layout, label1, 1, 1);
    layout_layout(layout, layout3, 1, 2);
    layout_halign(layout, 1, 1, ekRIGHT);
    layout_hsize(layout, 1, 200);
    layout_vsize(layout, 0, 200);
    layout_hmargin(layout, 0, 10);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 0, 10);
    layout_margin4(layout, 0, 10, 10, 10);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 0);
    ctrl_type_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 2));
    ctrl_price_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 1, 2));
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_form(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 3);
    Layout *layout0 = i_toolbar(ctrl);
    Layout *layout1 = i_product(ctrl);
    Slider *slider = slider_create();
    Cell *cell = NULL;
    layout_layout(layout, layout0, 0, 0);
    layout_slider(layout, slider, 0, 1);
    layout_layout(layout, layout1, 0, 2);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 2);
    cell = layout_cell(layout, 0, 1);
    cell_padding4(cell, 0, 10, 0, 10);
    ctrl_slider_cell(ctrl, cell);
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_login(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 10);
    Label *label0 = label_create();
    Label *label1 = label_multiline();
    Label *label2 = label_create();
    Label *label3 = label_create();
    PopUp *popup0 = popup_create();
    ImageView *view0 = imageview_create();
    Edit *edit0 = edit_create();
    Edit *edit1 = edit_create();
    Button *button = button_push();
    label_text(label0, TWIN_SETLANG);
    label_text(label1, TWIN_LOGIN_MSG);
    label_text(label2, TWIN_USER);
    label_text(label3, TWIN_PASS);
    popup_add_elem(popup0, ENGLISH, (const Image*)USA_PNG);
    popup_add_elem(popup0, SPANISH, (const Image*)SPAIN_PNG);
    popup_add_elem(popup0, PORTUGUESE, (const Image*)PORTUGAL_PNG);
    popup_add_elem(popup0, ITALIAN, (const Image*)ITALY_PNG);
    popup_add_elem(popup0, VIETNAMESE, (const Image*)VIETNAM_PNG);
    popup_add_elem(popup0, RUSSIAN, (const Image*)RUSSIA_PNG);
    popup_add_elem(popup0, JAPANESE, (const Image*)JAPAN_PNG);
    popup_tooltip(popup0, TWIN_SETLANG);
    imageview_image(view0, (const Image*)USER_PNG);
    edit_passmode(edit1, TRUE);
    button_text(button, TWIN_LOGIN);
    layout_label(layout, label0, 0, 0);
    layout_popup(layout, popup0, 0, 1);
    layout_label(layout, label1, 0, 2);
    layout_imageview(layout, view0, 0, 3);
    layout_label(layout, label2, 0, 4);
    layout_edit(layout, edit0, 0, 5);
    layout_label(layout, label3, 0, 6);
    layout_edit(layout, edit1, 0, 7);
    layout_button(layout, button, 0, 9);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 0, 5);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 1, 10);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 2, 10);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 5, 5);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 8, 5);
    layout_margin4(layout, 5, 10, 10, 10);
    layout_hsize(layout, 0, 200);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 8);
    ctrl_lang_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 1));
    ctrl_user_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 5));
    ctrl_pass_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 7));
    ctrl_login_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 9));
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_logout(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 6);
    ImageView *view = imageview_create();
    Label *label0 = label_create();
    Label *label1 = label_create();
    View *cview = view_create();
    Button *button = button_push();
    label_align(label0, ekCENTER);
    label_align(label1, ekCENTER);
    button_text(button, TWIN_LOGOUT);
    view_size(cview, s2df(160, 160));
    layout_imageview(layout, view, 0, 0);
    layout_label(layout, label0, 0, 1);
    layout_label(layout, label1, 0, 2);
    layout_view(layout, cview, 0, 3);
    layout_button(layout, button, 0, 5);
    layout_halign(layout, 0, 1, ekJUSTIFY);
    layout_halign(layout, 0, 2, ekJUSTIFY);
    layout_halign(layout, 0, 3, ekCENTER);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 0, 5);
    layout_vmargin(layout, 2, 5);
    layout_vexpand(layout, 4);
    layout_hsize(layout, 0, 200);
    layout_margin(layout, 10);
    ctrl_stats_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 3));
    ctrl_logout_cell(ctrl, layout_cell(layout, 0, 5));
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Panel *i_login_panel(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Panel *panel = panel_create();
    Layout *layout0 = i_login(ctrl);
    Layout *layout1 = i_logout(ctrl);
    panel_layout(panel, layout0);
    panel_layout(panel, layout1);
    ctrl_login_panel(ctrl, panel);
    return panel;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_status_bar(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(2, 1);
    ImageView *view = imageview_create();
    Label *label = label_create();
    imageview_size(view, s2df(16, 16));
    layout_imageview(layout, view, 0, 0);
    layout_label(layout, label, 1, 0);
    layout_halign(layout, 1, 0, ekJUSTIFY);
    layout_hexpand(layout, 1);
    layout_hmargin(layout, 0, 5);
    layout_margin(layout, 5);
    layout_bgcolor(layout, kSTATBG);
    layout_skcolor(layout, kSTATSK);
    ctrl_status_layout(ctrl, layout);
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Layout *i_layout(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Layout *layout = layout_create(1, 2);
    Layout *layout0 = layout_create(2, 1);
    Layout *layout1 = i_form(ctrl);
    Layout *layout2 = i_status_bar(ctrl);
    Panel *panel1 = i_login_panel(ctrl);
    layout_layout(layout0, layout1, 0, 0);
    layout_panel(layout0, panel1, 1, 0);
    layout_layout(layout, layout0, 0, 0);
    layout_layout(layout, layout2, 0, 1);
    ctrl_main_layout(ctrl, layout0);
    return layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

Window *prview_create(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Panel *panel = panel_create();
    Layout *layout = i_layout(ctrl);
    Window *window = NULL;
    ctrl_theme_images(ctrl);
    panel_layout(panel, layout);
    window = window_create(ekWINDOW_STD);
    window_panel(window, panel);
    window_title(window, TWIN_TITLE);
    ctrl_window(ctrl, window);
    return window;
}
Listing 29: demo/products/prmenu.c
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/* Products Menu */

#include "prmenu.h"
#include "prctrl.h"
#include "res_products.h"
#include <gui/guiall.h>

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if defined (__APPLE__)
static Menu *i_app(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item1 = menuitem_separator();
    MenuItem *item2 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item3 = menuitem_separator();
    MenuItem *item4 = menuitem_create();
    menuitem_text(item0, TMEN_ABOUT);
    menuitem_text(item2, TMEN_PREFERS);
    menuitem_text(item4, TMEN_QUIT);
    menu_item(menu, item0);
    menu_item(menu, item1);
    menu_item(menu, item2);
    menu_item(menu, item3);
    menu_item(menu, item4);
    ctrl_about_item(ctrl, item0);
    ctrl_exit_item(ctrl, item4);
    return menu;
}
#endif

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Menu *i_file(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item1 = menuitem_create();
    menuitem_text(item0, TMEN_IMPORT);
    menuitem_text(item1, TMEN_EXPORT);
    menu_item(menu, item0);
    menu_item(menu, item1);

#if !defined(__APPLE__)
    {
        MenuItem *item2 = menuitem_separator();
        MenuItem *item3 = menuitem_create();
        menuitem_text(item3, TMEN_EXIT);
        menuitem_image(item3, (const Image*)EXIT_PNG);
        menu_item(menu, item2);
        menu_item(menu, item3);
        ctrl_exit_item(ctrl, item3);
    }
#endif

    ctrl_import_item(ctrl, item0);
    ctrl_export_item(ctrl, item1);
    return menu;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Menu *i_navigate(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item1 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item2 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item3 = menuitem_create();
    menuitem_text(item0, TMEN_FIRST);
    menuitem_text(item1, TMEN_BACK);
    menuitem_text(item2, TMEN_NEXT);
    menuitem_text(item3, TMEN_LAST);
    menuitem_key(item0, ekKEY_F5, 0);
    menuitem_key(item1, ekKEY_F6, 0);
    menuitem_key(item2, ekKEY_F7, 0);
    menuitem_key(item3, ekKEY_F8, 0);
    menu_item(menu, item0);
    menu_item(menu, item1);
    menu_item(menu, item2);
    menu_item(menu, item3);
    ctrl_first_item(ctrl, item0);
    ctrl_back_item(ctrl, item1);
    ctrl_next_item(ctrl, item2);
    ctrl_last_item(ctrl, item3);
    return menu;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Menu *i_view(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
    unref(ctrl);
    menuitem_text(item0, TMEN_LOGIN_PANEL);
    menuitem_image(item0, (const Image*)SETTINGS16_PNG);
    menu_item(menu, item0);
    ctrl_setting_item(ctrl, item0);
    return menu;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Menu *i_server(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item1 = menuitem_create();
    menuitem_text(item0, TMEN_LOGIN);
    menuitem_text(item1, TMEN_LOGOUT);
    menu_item(menu, item0);
    menu_item(menu, item1);
    ctrl_login_item(ctrl, item0);
    ctrl_logout_item(ctrl, item1);
    return menu;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static Menu *i_language(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item1 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item2 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item3 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item4 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item5 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item6 = menuitem_create();
    menuitem_text(item0, ENGLISH);
    menuitem_text(item1, SPANISH);
    menuitem_text(item2, PORTUGUESE);
    menuitem_text(item3, ITALIAN);
    menuitem_text(item4, VIETNAMESE);
    menuitem_text(item5, RUSSIAN);
    menuitem_text(item6, JAPANESE);
    menuitem_image(item0, (const Image*)USA_PNG);
    menuitem_image(item1, (const Image*)SPAIN_PNG);
    menuitem_image(item2, (const Image*)PORTUGAL_PNG);
    menuitem_image(item3, (const Image*)ITALY_PNG);
    menuitem_image(item4, (const Image*)VIETNAM_PNG);
    menuitem_image(item5, (const Image*)RUSSIA_PNG);
    menuitem_image(item6, (const Image*)JAPAN_PNG);
    menu_item(menu, item0);
    menu_item(menu, item1);
    menu_item(menu, item2);
    menu_item(menu, item3);
    menu_item(menu, item4);
    menu_item(menu, item5);
    menu_item(menu, item6);
    ctrl_lang_menu(ctrl, menu);
    return menu;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if !defined (__APPLE__)
static Menu *i_help(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
    menuitem_text(item0, TMEN_ABOUT);
    menuitem_image(item0, (const Image*)ABOUT_PNG);
    menu_item(menu, item0);
    ctrl_about_item(ctrl, item0);
    return menu;
}
#endif

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

Menu *prmenu_create(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Menu *menu = menu_create();
    MenuItem *item1 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item2 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item3 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item4 = menuitem_create();
    MenuItem *item5 = menuitem_create();
    Menu *submenu1 = i_file(ctrl);
    Menu *submenu2 = i_navigate(ctrl);
    Menu *submenu3 = i_view(ctrl);
    Menu *submenu4 = i_server(ctrl);
    Menu *submenu5 = i_language(ctrl);

 #if defined (__APPLE__)
    {
        MenuItem *item0 = menuitem_create();
        Menu *submenu0 = i_app(ctrl);
        menuitem_text(item1, "");
        menuitem_submenu(item0, &submenu0);
        menu_item(menu, item0);
    }
#endif

    menuitem_text(item1, TMEN_FILE);
    menuitem_text(item2, TMEN_NAVIGATE);
    menuitem_text(item3, TMEN_VIEW);
    menuitem_text(item4, TMEN_SERVER);
    menuitem_text(item5, LANGUAGE);
    menuitem_submenu(item1, &submenu1);
    menuitem_submenu(item2, &submenu2);
    menuitem_submenu(item3, &submenu3);
    menuitem_submenu(item4, &submenu4);
    menuitem_submenu(item5, &submenu5);
    menu_item(menu, item1);
    menu_item(menu, item2);
    menu_item(menu, item3);
    menu_item(menu, item4);
    menu_item(menu, item5);

 #if !defined (__APPLE__)
    {
        MenuItem *item6 = menuitem_create();
        Menu *submenu6 = i_help(ctrl);
        menuitem_text(item6, TMEN_HELP);
        menuitem_submenu(item6, &submenu6);
        menu_item(menu, item6);
    }
#endif
    return menu;
}
Listing 30: demo/products/prctrl.c
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/* Products Controller */

#include "prctrl.h"
#include "prmodel.h"
#include "res_products.h"
#include <nappgui.h>
#include <inet/httpreq.h>
#include <inet/json.h>

typedef enum _status_t
{
    ekWAIT_LOGIN,
    ekIN_LOGIN,
    ekERR_LOGIN,
    ekOK_LOGIN
} status_t;

typedef struct _user_t User;
typedef struct _ujson_t UJson;

struct _user_t
{
    String *name;
    String *mail;
    Image *image64;
};

struct _ujson_t
{
    int32_t code;
    User data;
};

struct _ctrl_t
{
    Model *model;
    status_t status;
    wserv_t err;
    uint32_t selected;
    real32_t stats[12];
    UJson *ujson;
    Window *window;
    Layout *main_layout;
    Layout *status_layout;
    Cell *image_cell;
    Cell *first_cell;
    Cell *back_cell;
    Cell *next_cell;
    Cell *last_cell;
    Cell *add_cell;
    Cell *minus_cell;
    Cell *filter_cell;
    Cell *slider_cell;
    Cell *counter_cell;
    Cell *code_cell;
    Cell *desc_cell;
    Cell *price_cell;
    Cell *lang_cell;
    Cell *setting_cell;
    Cell *user_cell;
    Cell *pass_cell;
    Cell *login_cell;
    Cell *logout_cell;
    Cell *stats_cell;
    Panel *login_panel;
    Menu *lang_menu;
    MenuItem *import_item;
    MenuItem *export_item;
    MenuItem *first_item;
    MenuItem *back_item;
    MenuItem *next_item;
    MenuItem *last_item;
    MenuItem *setting_item;
    MenuItem *login_item;
    MenuItem *logout_item;
};

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static real32_t i_MAX_STATS = 20.f;

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

Ctrl *ctrl_create(Model *model)
{
    Ctrl *ctrl = heap_new0(Ctrl);
    ctrl->model = model;
    ctrl->status = ekWAIT_LOGIN;
    ctrl->selected = 0;
    dbind(User, String*, name);
    dbind(User, String*, mail);
    dbind(User, Image*, image64);
    dbind(UJson, int32_t, code);
    dbind(UJson, User, data);
    return ctrl;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_destroy(Ctrl **ctrl)
{
    heap_delete(ctrl, Ctrl);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_main_layout(Ctrl *ctrl, Layout *layout)
{
    model_layout(layout);
    ctrl->main_layout = layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_status_layout(Ctrl *ctrl, Layout *layout)
{
    ctrl->status_layout = layout;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_update_product(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    uint32_t total = model_count(ctrl->model);
    bool_t enabled = FALSE;
    bool_t is_first = (total == 0 || ctrl->selected == 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;
    bool_t is_last = (total == 0 || ctrl->selected == (total - 1)) ? TRUE : FALSE;
    Slider *slider = cell_slider(ctrl->slider_cell);
    Label *counter = cell_label(ctrl->counter_cell);
    Product *product = NULL;

    if (total > 0)
    {
        char_t msg[64];
        uint32_t i, n = sizeof(ctrl->stats) / sizeof(real32_t);
        View *vstats = cell_view(ctrl->stats_cell);
        product = model_product(ctrl->model, ctrl->selected);
        bstd_sprintf(msg, 64, "[%d/%d]", ctrl->selected + 1, total);
        label_text(counter, msg);
        slider_value(slider, (real32_t)ctrl->selected / (real32_t)(total > 1 ? total - 1 : 1));
        enabled = TRUE;
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            ctrl->stats[i] = bmath_randf(2.f, i_MAX_STATS - 2.f);
        view_update(vstats);
    }
    else
    {
        label_text(counter, "[0/0]");
        slider_value(slider, 0.f);
        enabled = FALSE;
    }

    layout_dbind_obj(ctrl->main_layout, product, Product);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->add_cell, enabled);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->minus_cell, enabled);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->slider_cell, enabled);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->filter_cell, enabled);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->first_cell, !is_first);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->back_cell, !is_first);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->next_cell, !is_last);
    cell_enabled(ctrl->last_cell, !is_last);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->first_item, !is_first);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->back_item, !is_first);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->next_item, !is_last);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->last_item, !is_last);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_status(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    ImageView *view = layout_get_imageview(ctrl->status_layout, 0, 0);
    Label *label = layout_get_label(ctrl->status_layout, 1, 0);

    switch (ctrl->status) {
    case ekWAIT_LOGIN:
        imageview_image(view, (const Image*)LOGIN16_PNG);
        label_text(label, WAIT_LOGIN);
        break;

    case ekIN_LOGIN:
        imageview_image(view, (const Image*)SPIN_GIF);
        label_text(label, IN_LOGIN);
        break;

    case ekERR_LOGIN:
        imageview_image(view, (const Image*)ERROR_PNG);
        switch (ctrl->err) {
        case ekWS_CONNECT:
            label_text(label, ERR_CONNECT);
            break;
        case ekWS_JSON:
            label_text(label, ERR_JSON);
            break;
        case ekWS_ACCESS:
            label_text(label, ERR_ACCESS);
            break;
        case ekWS_OK:
        cassert_default();
        }
        break;

    case ekOK_LOGIN:
        imageview_image(view, (const Image*)OK_PNG);
        label_text(label, OK_LOGIN);
        break;

    cassert_default();
    }
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_run(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Button *setting_button;
    PopUp *lang_popup;
    MenuItem *lang_item;
    uint32_t lang_index;
    ctrl->status = ekWAIT_LOGIN;
    setting_button = cell_button(ctrl->setting_cell);
    layout_show_col(ctrl->main_layout, 1, TRUE);
    button_state(setting_button, ekGUI_ON);
    menuitem_state(ctrl->setting_item, ekGUI_ON);
    lang_popup = cell_popup(ctrl->lang_cell);
    lang_index = popup_get_selected(lang_popup);
    lang_item = menu_get_item(ctrl->lang_menu, lang_index);
    menuitem_state(lang_item, ekGUI_ON);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->login_item, TRUE);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->logout_item, FALSE);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->import_item, FALSE);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->export_item, FALSE);
    i_status(ctrl);
    cell_focus(ctrl->user_cell);
    i_update_product(ctrl);
    window_defbutton(ctrl->window, cell_button(ctrl->login_cell));
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnFirst(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    ctrl->selected = 0;
    i_update_product(ctrl);
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnImport(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const char_t *type[] = { "dbp" };
    const char_t *file = comwin_open_file(ctrl->window, type, 1, NULL);
    if (file != NULL)
    {
        ferror_t err;
        if (model_import(ctrl->model, file, &err) == TRUE)
            i_update_product(ctrl);
    }
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_import_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    ctrl->import_item = item;
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnImport, Ctrl));
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnExport(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const char_t *type[] = { "dbp" };
    const char_t *file = comwin_save_file(ctrl->window, type, 1, NULL);
    if (file != NULL)
    {
        ferror_t err;
        model_export(ctrl->model, file, &err);
    }
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_export_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    ctrl->export_item = item;
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnExport, Ctrl));
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnImgDraw(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvDraw *params = event_params(e, EvDraw);
    const Image *image = gui_image(EDIT_PNG);
    uint32_t w = image_width(image);
    uint32_t h = image_height(image);
    draw_image(params->ctx, image, params->width - w - 10, params->height - h - 10);
    unref(ctrl);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnImgClick(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const char_t *type[] = { "png", "jpg" };
    const char_t *file = comwin_open_file(ctrl->window, type, 2, NULL);
    if (file != NULL)
    {
        Image *image = image_from_file(file, NULL);
        if (image != NULL)
        {
            ImageView *view = cell_imageview(ctrl->image_cell);
            imageview_image(view, image);
            image_destroy(&image);
        }
    }
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_image_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    ImageView *view = cell_imageview(cell);
    model_image(cell);
    imageview_OnOverDraw(view, listener(ctrl, i_OnImgDraw, Ctrl));
    imageview_OnClick(view, listener(ctrl, i_OnImgClick, Ctrl));
    ctrl->image_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_first_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnFirst, Ctrl));
    ctrl->first_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_first_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnFirst, Ctrl));
    ctrl->first_item = item;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnBack(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    if (ctrl->selected > 0)
    {
        ctrl->selected -= 1;
        i_update_product(ctrl);
    }
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_back_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnBack, Ctrl));
    ctrl->back_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_back_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnBack, Ctrl));
    ctrl->back_item = item;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnNext(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    uint32_t total = model_count(ctrl->model);
    if (ctrl->selected < total - 1)
    {
        ctrl->selected += 1;
        i_update_product(ctrl);
    }
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_next_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnNext, Ctrl));
    ctrl->next_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_next_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnNext, Ctrl));
    ctrl->next_item = item;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnLast(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    uint32_t total = model_count(ctrl->model);
    if (ctrl->selected < total - 1)
    {
        ctrl->selected = total - 1;
        i_update_product(ctrl);
    }
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_last_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnLast, Ctrl));
    ctrl->last_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_last_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnLast, Ctrl));
    ctrl->last_item = item;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnAdd(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    model_add(ctrl->model);
    ctrl->selected = model_count(ctrl->model) - 1;
    i_update_product(ctrl);
    cell_focus(ctrl->code_cell);
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_add_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnAdd, Ctrl));
    ctrl->add_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnDelete(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    model_delete(ctrl->model, ctrl->selected);
    if (ctrl->selected == model_count(ctrl->model) && ctrl->selected > 0)
        ctrl->selected -= 1;
    i_update_product(ctrl);
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_minus_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnDelete, Ctrl));
    ctrl->minus_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnFilter(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvText *params = event_params(e, EvText);
    EvTextFilter *result = event_result(e, EvTextFilter);
    Combo *combo = event_sender(e, Combo);
    uint32_t color = color_rgb(255, 0, 0);

    if (unicode_nchars(params->text, ekUTF8) >= 3)
    {
        if (model_filter(ctrl->model, params->text) == TRUE)
        {
            color = UINT32_MAX;
            ctrl->selected = 0;
            i_update_product(ctrl);
        }
    }

    combo_color(combo, color);
    result->apply = FALSE;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnFilterEnd(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvText *params = event_params(e, EvText);
    Combo *combo = event_sender(e, Combo);

    if (model_filter(ctrl->model, params->text) == TRUE)
        combo_ins_elem(combo, 0, params->text, NULL);
    else
        combo_text(combo, "");

    ctrl->selected = 0;
    i_update_product(ctrl);

    combo_color(combo, UINT32_MAX);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_filter_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Combo *combo = cell_combo(cell);
    combo_OnFilter(combo, listener(ctrl, i_OnFilter, Ctrl));
    combo_OnChange(combo, listener(ctrl, i_OnFilterEnd, Ctrl));
    ctrl->filter_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnSlider(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvSlider *params = event_params(e, EvSlider);
    uint32_t total = model_count(ctrl->model);
    uint32_t selected = 0;
    if (total > 0)
        selected = (uint32_t)((real32_t)(total - 1) * params->pos);

    if (selected != ctrl->selected)
    {
        ctrl->selected = selected;
        i_update_product(ctrl);
    }
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_slider_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Slider *slider = cell_slider(cell);
    slider_OnMoved(slider, listener(ctrl, i_OnSlider, Ctrl));
    ctrl->slider_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_counter_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    ctrl->counter_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_type_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    model_type(cell);
    unref(ctrl);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_code_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    model_code(cell);
    ctrl->code_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_desc_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    model_desc(cell);
    ctrl->desc_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_price_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    model_price(cell);
    ctrl->price_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_user_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    ctrl->user_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_pass_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    ctrl->pass_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_login_panel(Ctrl *ctrl, Panel *panel)
{
    ctrl->login_panel = panel;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static UJson *i_user_webserv(const char_t *user, const char_t *pass, wserv_t *ret)
{
    Http *http = NULL;
    String *path = NULL;
    UJson *ujson = NULL;

    *ret = ekWS_OK;
    if (str_empty_c(user) || str_empty_c(pass))
    {
        *ret = ekWS_ACCESS;
        return NULL;
    }

    http = http_create("serv.nappgui.com", 80);
    path = str_printf("/duser.php?user=%s&pass=%s", user, pass);
    if (http_get(http, tc(path), NULL, 0, NULL) == TRUE)
    {
        uint32_t status = http_response_status(http);
        if (status >= 200 && status <= 299)
        {
            Stream *stm = stm_memory(4096);
            http_response_body(http, stm, NULL);
            ujson = json_read(stm, NULL, UJson);

            if (!ujson)
            {
                *ret = ekWS_JSON;
            }
            else if (ujson->code != 0)
            {
                json_destroy(&ujson, UJson);
                *ret = ekWS_ACCESS;
            }

            stm_close(&stm);
        }
        else
        {
            *ret = ekWS_ACCESS;
        }
    }

    str_destroy(&path);
    http_destroy(&http);
    return ujson;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static uint32_t i_login_begin(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    Edit *user = cell_edit(ctrl->user_cell);
    Edit *pass = cell_edit(ctrl->pass_cell);
    wserv_t ret = ekWS_OK;
    ctrl->ujson = i_user_webserv(edit_get_text(user), edit_get_text(pass), &ret);
    if (ctrl->ujson != NULL)
    {
        ret = model_webserv(ctrl->model);
        if (ret != ekWS_OK)
            json_destroy(&ctrl->ujson, UJson);
    }

    return (uint32_t)ret;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_login_end(Ctrl *ctrl, const uint32_t rvalue)
{
    wserv_t ret = (wserv_t)rvalue;
    if (ret == ekWS_OK)
    {
        Layout *layout = panel_get_layout(ctrl->login_panel, 1);
        ImageView *view = layout_get_imageview(layout, 0, 0);
        Label *label0 = layout_get_label(layout, 0, 1);
        Label *label1 = layout_get_label(layout, 0, 2);
        window_defbutton(ctrl->window, NULL);
        imageview_image(view, ctrl->ujson->data.image64);
        label_text(label0, tc(ctrl->ujson->data.name));
        label_text(label1, tc(ctrl->ujson->data.mail));
        menuitem_enabled(ctrl->login_item, FALSE);
        menuitem_enabled(ctrl->logout_item, TRUE);
        menuitem_enabled(ctrl->import_item, TRUE);
        menuitem_enabled(ctrl->export_item, TRUE);
        panel_visible_layout(ctrl->login_panel, 1);
        ctrl->status = ekOK_LOGIN;
        ctrl->selected = 0;
        i_update_product(ctrl);
        json_destroy(&ctrl->ujson, UJson);
        cell_focus(ctrl->code_cell);
        panel_update(ctrl->login_panel);
    }
    else
    {
        cassert(ctrl->ujson == NULL);
        ctrl->status = ekERR_LOGIN;
        ctrl->err = ret;
    }

    i_status(ctrl);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnLogin(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    if (ctrl->status != ekIN_LOGIN)
    {
        ctrl->status = ekIN_LOGIN;
        i_status(ctrl);
        osapp_task(ctrl, 0, i_login_begin, NULL, i_login_end, Ctrl);
    }

    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_login_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnLogin, Ctrl));
    ctrl->login_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_login_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnLogin, Ctrl));
    ctrl->login_item = item;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnLogout(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    Edit *edit0 = cell_edit(ctrl->user_cell);
    Edit *edit1 = cell_edit(ctrl->pass_cell);
    model_clear(ctrl->model);
    edit_text(edit0, "");
    edit_text(edit1, "");
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->login_item, TRUE);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->logout_item, FALSE);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->import_item, FALSE);
    menuitem_enabled(ctrl->export_item, FALSE);
    ctrl->status = ekWAIT_LOGIN;
    panel_visible_layout(ctrl->login_panel, 0);
    i_update_product(ctrl);
    i_status(ctrl);
    cell_focus(ctrl->user_cell);
    panel_update(ctrl->login_panel);
    window_defbutton(ctrl->window, cell_button(ctrl->login_cell));
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_logout_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnLogout, Ctrl));
    ctrl->logout_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_logout_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnLogout, Ctrl));
    ctrl->logout_item = item;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnSetting(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    gui_state_t state = ekGUI_ON;
    if (event_type(e) == ekGUI_EVENT_BUTTON)
    {
        const EvButton *params = event_params(e, EvButton);
        state = params->state;
    }
    else
    {
        Button *button = cell_button(ctrl->setting_cell);
        cassert(event_type(e) == ekGUI_EVENT_MENU);
        state = button_get_state(button);
        state = state == ekGUI_ON ? ekGUI_OFF : ekGUI_ON;
        button_state(button, state);
    }

    menuitem_state(ctrl->setting_item, state);
    layout_show_col(ctrl->main_layout, 1, state == ekGUI_ON ? TRUE : FALSE);
    layout_update(ctrl->main_layout);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_setting_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    Button *button = cell_button(cell);
    button_OnClick(button, listener(ctrl, i_OnSetting, Ctrl));
    ctrl->setting_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_setting_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnSetting, Ctrl));
    ctrl->setting_item = item;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnStats(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    const EvDraw *params = event_params(e, EvDraw);
    uint32_t i, n = sizeof(ctrl->stats) / sizeof(real32_t);
    real32_t p = 10.f, x = p, y0 = params->height - p;
    real32_t w = (params->width - p * 2) / n;
    real32_t h = params->height - p * 2;
    real32_t avg = 0, pavg;
    char_t tavg[16];
    color_t c[2];
    real32_t stop[2] = {0, 1};
    c[0] = kHOLDER;
    c[1] = gui_view_color();

    draw_fill_linear(params->ctx, c,stop, 2, 0, p, 0, params->height - p + 1);

    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        real32_t hr = h * (ctrl->stats[i] / i_MAX_STATS);
        real32_t y = p + h - hr;
        draw_rect(params->ctx, ekFILL, x, y, w - 2, hr);
        avg += ctrl->stats[i];
        x += w;
    }

    avg /= n;
    pavg = h * (avg / i_MAX_STATS);
    pavg = p + h - pavg;
    bstd_sprintf(tavg, sizeof(tavg), "%.2f", avg);
    draw_text_color(params->ctx, kTXTRED);
    draw_line_color(params->ctx, kTXTRED);
    draw_line(params->ctx, p - 2, pavg, params->width - p, pavg);
    draw_line_color(params->ctx, gui_label_color());
    draw_line(params->ctx, p - 2, y0 + 2, params->width - p, y0 + 2);
    draw_line(params->ctx, p - 2, y0 + 2, p - 2, p);
    draw_text(params->ctx, tavg, p, pavg);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_stats_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    View *view = cell_view(cell);
    view_OnDraw(view, listener(ctrl, i_OnStats, Ctrl));
    ctrl->stats_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnLang(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    MenuItem *item = NULL;
    uint32_t lang_id = 0;
    static const char_t *LANGS[] = { "en_US", "es_ES", "pt_PT", "it_IT", "vi_VN", "ru_RU", "ja_JP" };
    if (event_type(e) == ekGUI_EVENT_POPUP)
    {
        const EvButton *params = event_params(e, EvButton);
        item = menu_get_item(ctrl->lang_menu, params->index);
        lang_id = params->index;
    }
    else
    {
        const EvMenu *params = event_params(e, EvMenu);
        PopUp *popup = cell_popup(ctrl->lang_cell);
        cassert(event_type(e) == ekGUI_EVENT_MENU);
        popup_selected(popup, params->index);
        item = event_sender(e, MenuItem);
        lang_id = params->index;
    }

    menu_off_items(ctrl->lang_menu);
    menuitem_state(item, ekGUI_ON);
    gui_language(LANGS[lang_id]);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_lang_cell(Ctrl *ctrl, Cell *cell)
{
    PopUp *popup = cell_popup(cell);
    popup_OnSelect(popup, listener(ctrl, i_OnLang, Ctrl));
    ctrl->lang_cell = cell;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_lang_menu(Ctrl *ctrl, Menu *menu)
{
    uint32_t i, n = menu_size(menu);
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        MenuItem *item = menu_get_item(menu, i);
        menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnLang, Ctrl));
    }
    ctrl->lang_menu = menu;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnExit(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    osapp_finish();
    unref(ctrl);
    unref(e);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_exit_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnExit, Ctrl));
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void i_OnAbout(Ctrl *ctrl, Event *e)
{
    unref(ctrl);
    unref(e);
    osapp_open_url("https://nappgui.com/en/demo/products.html");
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_about_item(Ctrl *ctrl, MenuItem *item)
{
    menuitem_OnClick(item, listener(ctrl, i_OnAbout, Ctrl));
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_window(Ctrl *ctrl, Window *window)
{
    window_OnClose(window, listener(ctrl, i_OnExit, Ctrl));
    ctrl->window = window;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void ctrl_theme_images(Ctrl *ctrl)
{
    bool_t dark = gui_dark_mode();
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->first_cell), (const Image*)(dark ? FIRSTD_PNG : FIRST_PNG));
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->back_cell), (const Image*)(dark ? BACKD_PNG : BACK_PNG));
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->next_cell), (const Image*)(dark ? NEXTD_PNG : NEXT_PNG));
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->last_cell), (const Image*)(dark ? LASTD_PNG : LAST_PNG));
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->add_cell), (const Image*)ADD_PNG);
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->minus_cell), (const Image*)MINUS_PNG);
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->setting_cell), (const Image*)SETTINGS_PNG);
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->login_cell), (const Image*)LOGIN16_PNG);
    button_image(cell_button(ctrl->logout_cell), (const Image*)(dark ? LOGOUT16D_PNG : LOGOUT16_PNG));
    menuitem_image(ctrl->import_item, (const Image*)OPEN_PNG);
    menuitem_image(ctrl->export_item, (const Image*)(dark ? SAVED_PNG : SAVE_PNG));
    menuitem_image(ctrl->first_item, (const Image*)(dark ? FIRST16D_PNG : FIRST16_PNG));
    menuitem_image(ctrl->back_item, (const Image*)(dark ? BACK16D_PNG : BACK16_PNG));
    menuitem_image(ctrl->next_item, (const Image*)(dark ? NEXT16D_PNG : NEXT16_PNG));
    menuitem_image(ctrl->last_item, (const Image*)(dark ? LAST16D_PNG : LAST16_PNG));
    menuitem_image(ctrl->login_item, (const Image*)LOGIN16_PNG);
    menuitem_image(ctrl->logout_item, (const Image*)(dark ? LOGOUT16D_PNG : LOGOUT16_PNG));
}
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